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Dissertations: Reviewing the literature

Writing a literature review

In all academic writing we have to read and engage with texts related to the topic/s we are writing about to develop our knowledge and understanding of these topics. In a literature review for a dissertation, we review literature related to the topic we are interested in researching to refine the focus of our research.

Reading and engaging with relevant literature for a dissertation is necessary:

  • To provide an overview of the knowledge relating to our topic (this background literature helps to place our project in a relevant context).
  • To critically evaluate the key ideas / issues that have been identified by other writers on a topic.
  • To discuss theoretical, conceptual or methodological issues linked to a topic.
  • To explain how our research fits in with previous research
  • To make recommendations based on our evaluation of the literature.

 

Before writing a literature review, we have to:

  • think about the topic we are interested in,
  • identify relevant texts,
  • read critically and summarise the main points of these texts
  • identify key debates on the topics and contested claims;
  • highlight any gaps that may exist in research
  • think about the organisation of the literature review

 

The organisation of a literature review depends on the themes / topics we want to focus on.

The introduction of our literature review should give an outline of:

  • why we are writing a review, and why the topic is important
  • the scope of the review — what aspects of the topic will be discussed
  • the organisational pattern of the review.

After the introductory section of the literature review, we could organise the review to focus on certain themes.

Try to avoid writing a literature review that reads like a list of He said / argues...., She states / argues.... Try not to make authors of an issue or concept the focus of your review. Instead think about the topic or issue you would like to discuss, introduce it and then discuss how other authors have handled this issue.

Introduction
  • This review aims to...
  • The purpose of this literature review is...
  • The objective of this paper is to...
  • The focus of this review is...
  • This literature review examines...
  • The purpose of this literature review is to..."
  • This paper will discuss the current state of research on...
  • The following are the key questions that this literature review will address...
Describing previous research
  • Previous studies have shown...
  • Researchers have investigated...
  • Several studies have explored...
  • Numerous investigations have examined...
  • Extensive research has been conducted on...
  • The existing literature suggests...
  •  A substantial body of research reveals that...
  •  According to most of the literature produced on the subject, there is..."
  •  Adherents to the theory of suggest that ...
Summarising key findings
  • The main findings indicate that...
  • It has been demonstrated that...
  • The research consistently reveals...
  • Several studies have reported...
  • The literature highlights...
  • "An interesting hypothesis is..."
  • The results of this study have important implications for...
  • The findings of this study are consistent with...
  • The findings of this study challenge the conventional wisdom that...
  • This study provides new insights into...
Identifying gaps in the literature
  • However, there is a paucity of research on...
  • Despite the extensive studies, little is known about...
  • This area of research is underexplored...
  • A notable gap in the literature is...
  • Limited attention has been given to...
  •  An area which needs to be explored is...

Comparing and contrasting viewpoints

  • On the one hand...
  • Conversely...
  • In contrast...
  •  Alternatively...
  • On the contrary...
  •  Another aspect of...
  •  Another point of view has been advanced by...
  •  However, some researchers have argued that...
Drawing conclusions
  • In conclusion...
  • To sum up...
  • Overall, the evidence suggests...
  • Based on the findings, it can be concluded that...
  • The literature review reveals...
  •  In conclusion, the literature review has shown that...
  •  The findings of this literature review suggest that...
Stating implications and future directions
  • These findings have important implications for...
  • Future research should address...
  • Further investigation is needed to...
  • These results open avenues for future research on...
  • Future studies should explore...
  • The implications of this literature review for future research are...

 

Where do I start?

The information skills required to complete a Literature Review or Systematic Search are covered extensively in our Finding Information Guide.

Not sure where to start? Take a look at the below pages:

Students completing a systematic search in Health disciplines should consult our Guide to Systematic Searches in Health

Journal of Suffolk Student Research

The Journal of Suffolk Student Research is an online academic journal, dedicated to the publication of high-quality undergraduate and postgraduate student research undertaken by University of Suffolk students. The journal will showcase the most outstanding student research undertaken at the University of Suffolk. It aims to promote and recognise this outstanding student research by offering valuable early experience of academic publishing and the peer review process. 

Find out more here